Understanding Testicular Cancer
Testicular cancer is a relatively uncommon but highly treatable cancer that typically affects younger men. Early detection and treatment offer excellent cure rates. Any lump or swelling in the testis should be evaluated promptly.
Medically reviewed by Dr Ho Siew Hong
Senior Consultant Urologist
MBBS (NUS), FRCS (Edinburgh, Glasgow), FAMS (Urology), Singapore Board Certified Urologist
What Is Testicular Cancer?
Testicular cancer develops when abnormal cells grow uncontrollably in one or both testicles.
There are two main types:
Most cases respond well to treatment with surgery, radiation or chemotherapy, and long-term survival rates are excellent.
Symptoms of Testicular Cancer
Stages of Testicular Cancer
Testicular cancer is classified into stages based on how far the cancer has spread. Understanding these stages helps determine the most suitable treatment plan and prognosis.
Testicular cancer is highly treatable when detected early. Get a professional evaluation at S H Ho Urology & Laparoscopy Centre.
How Testicular Cancer Is Diagnosed
A prompt and accurate diagnosis is essential. Tests may include:
Treatment Options & Related Procedures
Management depends on the type, stage, and aggressiveness of the tumour, as well as fertility considerations. At S H Ho Urology & Laparoscopy Centre, diagnosis and treatment are coordinated in one setting for comprehensive care.
Radical Inguinal Orchidectomy – Removal of the affected testis and spermatic cord remains the standard first-line treatment for all suspected testicular cancers.
A testicular implant can be inserted during the same surgery for cosmetic restoration.
Following radical orchidectomy surgery, for early-stage or low-risk disease, ongoing monitoring with CT scans and blood tests every 6 months may be appropriate, avoiding unnecessary therapy unless progression is detected.
Depending on the cancer type and stage:
Radiation Therapy – often used for seminomas to target lymph nodes in the abdomen or pelvis.
Chemotherapy – used for both seminomas and non-seminomas when there is a risk of spread or recurrence.
This specialised procedure removes lymph nodes behind the abdomen.
It can serve as an alternative to chemotherapy in some seminomas.
In non-seminoma cases, RPLND may be performed if residual cancer remains after chemotherapy.
Post-Treatment Care
Potential Risks
Your Health and Fertility Matter
If you have concerns about testicular lumps, pain, or fertility after treatment, speak to Dr Ho Siew Hong for comprehensive care and guidance.
Frequently Asked Questions
Yes. With early treatment, cure rates exceed 95%. Even in patients with metastasis, cure is still possible.
Key risk factors for testicular cancers include history of undescended testis (even after corrective surgery), infertility, Klinefelter syndrome, personal and family history of testicular cancer
Testicular cancer is not preventable. Early detection of a painless lump in the testis through monthly regular testis self examination. You should see your doctor as soon as possible if there is a suspected lump.
Many men retain fertility. However, sperm banking is advised before treatment begins as loss of sperm production after treatment can be permanent.
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